Optogenetic surface stimulation of the rat cervical spinal cord. Electronic dura mater for long-term multimodal neural interfaces. Flexible and fully implantable upconversion device for wireless optogenetic stimulation of the spinal cord in behaving animals. Fully implantable, battery-free wireless optoelectronic devices for spinal optogenetics. Soft, stretchable, fully implantable miniaturized optoelectronic systems for wireless optogenetics. Flexible and stretchable nanowire-coated fibers for optoelectronic probing of spinal cord circuits. Rostro-caudal inhibition of hindlimb movements in the spinal cord of mice. Epineural optogenetic activation of nociceptors initiates and amplifies inflammation. A wireless closed-loop system for optogenetic peripheral neuromodulation. Implantable, wireless device platforms for neuroscience research. Beyond the brain: optogenetic control in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Flexible near-field wireless optoelectronics as aubdermal implants for broad applications in optogenetics. Wireless optofluidic brain probes for chronic neuropharmacology and photostimulation. Wirelessly powered, fully internal optogenetics for brain, spinal and peripheral circuits in mice. Injectable, cellular-scale optoelectronics with applications for wireless optogenetics. Wireless optofluidic systems for programmable in vivo pharmacology and optogenetics. Optogenetic spatial and temporal control of cortical circuits on a columnar scale. Emerging modalities and implantable technologies for neuromodulation. We use the device to reveal the role of various neuronal subtypes, sensory pathways and supraspinal projections in the control of locomotion in healthy and spinal-cord injured mice.Äeisseroth, K. A lightweight, head-mounted, wireless platform powers the micro-LEDs and performs low-latency, on-chip processing of sensed physiological signals to control photostimulation in a closed loop. A coating of silicone–phosphor matrix over the micro-LEDs provides mechanical protection and light conversion for compatibility with a large library of opsins.
We developed a soft stretchable carrier, integrating microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), that conforms to the dura mater of the spinal cord. In the present study, we describe a system for ultrafast, wireless, closed-loop manipulation of targeted neurons and pathways across the entire dorsoventral spinal cord in untethered mice. Optoelectronic systems can exert precise control over targeted neurons and pathways throughout the brain in untethered animals, but similar technologies for the spinal cord are not well established.